HISTORICAL INTEREST OF BANGLADESH

A.LALBAGH FORT:

Lalbagh Fort is a Mughal palace fortress in Dhaka stood on the banks of the river Buriganga in the southwestern part of the old city. The construction of the fort was commenced in 1678 AD by Prince Muhammad Azam. In the present fort area of 7.2 hectares, excavations have revealed the remains of structures. Of the three surviving gateways, the southern one is the most imposing. Seen from the front it is a three-storied structure with a fronton, bordered with slender minarets. From inside it gives the impression of a two-storied structure. A water channel with fountains at regular intervals connects the three buildings from east to west and two similar channels run from south to north. The building in the middle, the tomb of Bibi Pari, is the most impressive of the surviving buildings of the fort. Eight rooms surround a central square room, containing the mortal remains of Bibi Pari, which is covered by a false dome. The southeastern corner room contains a small grave, popularly known to be of Shamsad Begum, possibly a relative of Bibi Pari. The Lalbagh Fort Mosque is a three-domed mosque with a water tank

B.KANTAJI TEMPLE:

Kantaji Temple is in Dinajpur district. It is the most ornate among the late medieval temples in Bangladesh. It is in Dinajpur town which was established in the year 1722 by Ramnath, son of Maharaj Pran nath.
The temple is a 51 square, three stored edifice on a slightly curved raised plinth of sandstone blocks believed to have been guarried from the ruins of the ancient city of Bangrah near Gangarampur in west Bengal. It was originally a Navaratna Temple, crowded with four richly ornamental corner towers on two stores and a central one over the third stored. Unfortunately this ornate tower collapsed during an earthquake at the end of 19th century.
Every inch of the temple surface is beautifully emballished with exquisite terracotta plaques, representing flora, fauna, and geometric motifs. It’s a place of great beauty and one can go there to enjoy himself the scenic beauty of temple.

Advertisement & Way of Marketing

ADVERTISING:-

Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinforcement of "brand image" and "brand loyalty". For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information.

Way of Marketing:
Every day when we watch TV or read the newspaper, we come across advertisements. Advertising persuades people to buy a certain product. It brings goods to the attention of consumers.

People who are concerned with marketing deal with:

1. Market research- The main idea of market research is, to find out whether a product is needed, whether people would buy it and what kind of people that are. These people are called TARGET GROUP.

2. Product development- There is two ways of product development. On the one hand the product-oriented companies and on the other hand the market-oriented companies.
Product-oriented companies invest a lot of money and time in finding new or imp-proved goods to sell them on the market. Market-oriented companies want to find out what is needed and then they try to develop new ways of production or new goods.

3. Promotion- Promotion is very important because however good a product is, it will not find any buyers, if no one knows about it. If you want to sell a specialized product, all you have to do is to write to people or companies, which are known to be interested or place an advertisement in a trade magazine. If you are not able to do this yourself, you can instruct an advertising agency. They have the experts who can make a

Psychology & Their Areas

Psychology:-

Psychology is an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Psychologists study such phenomena as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships.

Psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics, and many other areas affecting health and daily life such as family, education, and employment and the treatment of mental health problems.

Areas of Psychology:-

1. Abnormal Psychology: is the study of abnormal behavior and psychopathology.
2. Biological Psychology: also known as biopsychology, studies how biological processes influence the mind and behavior.
3. Clinical Psychology: is focused on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders

4. Social Psychology: is a discipline that uses scientific methods to study social influence, social perception, and social interaction.
5. Cognitive Psychology: is the study of human thought processes and cognitions. Cognitive psychologists study topics such as attention, memory, perception, decision-making, problem solving, and language acquisition
6.Industrial-Organizational Psychology: is the area of psychology that uses psychological research to enhance work performance, select employee, improve product design, and enhance usability.
7. Personality Psychology: looks at the various elements that make up individual personalities.

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Identifying Relevant Cost

A managerial accounting term that is used to describe costs that are specific to management's decisions. The concept of relevant costs eliminates unnecessary data that could complicate the decision-making process.Relevant costs are costs that change with respect to a particular decision. Sunk costs are never relevant. Future costs may or may not be relevant. If the future costs are going to be incurred regardless of the decision that is made, those costs are not relevant. Committed costs are future costs that are not relevant. Even if the future costs are not committed, if we anticipate incurring those costs regardless of the decision that we make, those costs are not relevant. The only costs that are relevant are those that differ as between the alternatives being considered.

Unavoidable costs are never relevant and include:

 Sunk costs.

 Future costs that do not differ between the alternatives.

Terminology:

o Incremental Cost – the additional total cost incurred for an activity

o Differential Cost – the difference in total cost between two alternatives

o Incremental Revenue – the additional total revenue from an activity

o Differential Revenue – the difference in total revenue between two alternatives

Potential Problems with Relevant-Cost Analysis:

o Avoid incorrect general assumptions about information, especially:

0 “All variable costs are relevant and all fixed costs are irrelevant”

0 There are notable exceptions for both costs

Problems with using unit-cost data:

0 Including irrelevant costs in error

0 Using the same unit-cost with different output levels

o Fixed costs per unit change with different levels of output

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Global financial crisis Likely impact on Bangladesh in Garments Sector

The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 is a major financial crisis, which is ongoing as of January 2009. It became prominently visible in September 2008 with the failure, merger or conservator ship of several large United States-based financial firms. The underlying causes leading to the crisis had been reported in business journals for many months before September, with commentary about the financial stability of leading U.S. and European investment banks, insurance firms and mortgage banks consequent to the sub prime mortgage crisis.

Beginning with failures of large financial institutions in the United States, it rapidly evolved into a global crisis resulting in a number of European bank failures and declines in various stock indexes, and large reductions in the market value of equities (stock) and commodities worldwide. The crisis has led to a liquidity problem and the de-leveraging of financial institutions especially in the United States and Europe, which further accelerated the liquidity crisis. World political leaders and national ministers of finance and central bank directors have coordinated their efforts to reduce fears but the crisis is ongoing and continues to change, evolving at the close of October into a currency crisis with investors transferring vast capital resources into stronger currencies such as the yen, the dollar and the Swiss franc, leading many emergent economies to seek aid from the International Monetary Fund. The crisis was triggered by the sub prime mortgage crisis and is an acute phase of the financial crisis of 2007–2008.